The core working logic of a hydraulic pump is to convert the mechanical energy input by the prime mover into hydraulic pressure energy through periodic changes in sealing volume, continuously completing oil suction and pressure actions, and providing power oil for the entire hydraulic system.
Core work process
Oil suction stage: The prime mover drives the moving parts inside the pump, increasing the sealing volume of the pump chamber from small to large, forming a local vacuum. The oil in the tank enters the pump chamber through the oil suction port under atmospheric pressure.
Oil pressure stage: The sealing volume decreases from large to small, and the oil is squeezed to form high pressure, which is discharged through the oil pressure port and transported to the subsequent hydraulic system.
Cyclic action: The above two processes are continuously repeated to achieve continuous and stable oil delivery.
Essential conditions for normal work
Having a variable sealed working volume is the foundation for achieving oil suction and discharge.
The sealed volume can complete a periodic cycle from small to large and then from large to small.
Equipped with a dedicated oil distribution device to ensure that the suction port and pressure port are not connected at the same time, avoiding oil flow.
The output pressure of the pump is determined by the system load, rather than being directly set by the hydraulic pump itself.
Specific working methods of common types
Gear pump: Two gears that mesh with each other rotate. When the teeth disengage, the volume increases to complete oil suction, and when they enter meshing, the volume decreases to complete oil discharge.
Vane pump: The blades on the rotor slide in the stator cavity. When the blades extend outward, the volume increases to absorb oil, and when the blades retract inward, the volume decreases to discharge oil.
Piston pump: The plunger moves back and forth in the cylinder body. When the plunger extends outward, the volume increases to absorb oil, and when the plunger retracts inward, the volume decreases to discharge oil, achieving high-pressure output.