Hydraulic motor is the core executive component that converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. The core relies on pressure oil to drive internal components to output torque and speed, achieving continuous rotational motion.
1, Basic energy conversion logic
High pressure oil enters the interior of the motor and acts on moving parts such as gears, blades, or plungers, generating unbalanced hydraulic pressure or tangential force to drive the output shaft to rotate, completing the conversion from hydraulic energy to rotating mechanical energy. At the same time, the direction of oil inlet and outlet is controlled by the oil distribution device to achieve forward and reverse switching.
2, Specific working principles of typical types
Gear motor
After high-pressure oil enters the oil inlet chamber, it utilizes the structural characteristic that the radius of the gear meshing point is smaller than the radius of the tooth tip circle to form unbalanced hydraulic pressure on the tooth surface, which generates driving torque on the gear axis and drives the gear to continuously rotate and output power. It is commonly used in high-speed low torque scenarios.
Axial piston motor
Pressure oil enters the plunger hole of the cylinder block through the oil distribution plate, pushing the plunger outward and pressing against the inclined plate. The reaction force of the inclined plate on the plunger is decomposed into tangential force, which drives the cylinder block and output shaft to rotate. Changing the oil inlet direction can switch the steering, and the output torque is large.
Radial piston motor
Pressure oil enters the bottom of the plunger through the oil distribution shaft, pushing the plunger to extend and press against the inner wall of the stator. The tangential component of the stator reaction force drives the cylinder body to rotate around the eccentric shaft, which belongs to the low-speed high torque type and can directly drive heavy loads.